What is Local File Inclusion?

Local File Inclusion (LFI) is a type of vulnerability that occurs when a web application allows an attacker to include and execute local files on a server. This vulnerability arises due to improper input validation and lack of proper security mechanisms in web applications.

The risks and causes of an LFI attack

In an LFI attack, an attacker can trick the web application into exposing or running files on the web server. This can lead to various malicious outcomes, such as information disclosure, remote code execution, or even cross-site scripting (XSS). Typically, LFI occurs when an application uses the path to a file as input and treats this input as trusted. For example, if the application includes a file based on user input without proper validation, an attacker can manipulate the input to include sensitive files from the server.

By exploiting LFI vulnerabilities, attackers can gain access to sensitive information, execute malicious code, and potentially take control of the affected system. It’s a serious security risk that requires careful attention to input validation and proper security practices to prevent.

Recent notable LFI attacks

1. Jenkins LFI Vulnerability (CVE-2024-23897) – This vulnerability in Jenkins allowed attackers to read arbitrary files on the Jenkins server. Exploiting this LFI vulnerability, attackers accessed sensitive files, decrypted credentials, and used them to infiltrate private GitHub repositories.
2. Adult Friend Finder Breach – This breach involved an LFI vulnerability that exposed sensitive user information. Attackers exploited the LFI flaw to access and leak personal data of millions of users.
3. TimThumb Vulnerability – TimThumb, a popular image resizing library for WordPress, had an LFI vulnerability that allowed attackers to include and execute local files. This led to numerous WordPress sites being compromised.

These examples highlight the serious impact LFI vulnerabilities can have on security. It’s crucial to implement proper input validation and security measures to prevent such attacks.